Soil Moisture and Water Shortages

Soil Moisture and Water Shortages

Living on a river that feeds Lake Michigan, we tend to ignore messages of water shortages. There is some irrigation in our area, but nothing like what we see in other regions of the world. Recent studies of global soil moisture show a very different picture.

Drought events at various global locations have caused the loss of 1.614 gigatons of water between 2000 and 2002. (One gigaton is one billion tons.) In the United States, irrigation has been highly contested as rivers in Nebraska and Colorado cannot supply the water needed to grow wheat and other grain crops. Drawing from the water table has caused it to drop over 10 feet in recent years.

Studies at the University of Texas and Seoul National University show that the problem of water shortages will cause more hunger and human suffering if we don’t do something to stop the soil moisture loss. The solution to water shortages is available.

There was no way to recover water lost to the oceans in the Old Testament days, but now there is. We can use nuclear energy and various processes to desalinate seawater. Removing the salt from seawater provides the salt humans need while producing fresh water for irrigation and replacing soil moisture.

God has provided humans with the water we need. In ancient times, humans lived by bodies of fresh water. With the expanding human population, not everyone could live on the shores of lakes or along rivers, so water had to be moved from places of plenty to places of drought. The Romans did this with aqueducts stretching for miles. In the western United States, we can allow rainfall and mountain ice melt to replace soil moisture while supplementing the need for water in cities by the ocean, like Los Angeles, using desalination.

The teachings of Jesus were ones of peace and concern for others. Water shortages have fueled greed and rivalry in areas of our planet. We need to use the nuclear energy God has given us to desalinate water rather than as a tool of war.

— John N. Clayton © 2025

Reference: “Earth’s soil is drying up” by Kasha Patel in the Washington Post

Martian Surface Is Inhospitable for Life

Martian Surface Is Inhospitable for Life
Mars Surface Illustration

As we have reported on this website, the Martian surface is inhospitable for life. New discoveries show that no life exists there now, and the chemistry of material reached by drilling into Mars’ surface does not show that life has ever existed on that planet.

The media suggest that life on Earth is not exceptional while the scientific data shows that our planet is the only place in the solar system where life can exist. Skeptics would like to find life beyond Earth because they feel it would show that God did not create and design Earth for the existence of humans. Unfortunately, the media often cherry-picks previous data while ignoring more recent findings.

In a USA Today article, Erik Lagatta reported that the Curiosity rover detected some strange spheres in the past. At that time the media claimed that biological processes could have produced these spheres. Further tests showed they were mineral deposits that had nothing to do with life. They were probably formed by groundwater circulating through rock pores.

NASA is interested in the rocks on Mars because they can tell us much about the planet’s geological history. Taking a fresh look at a previously collected sample, NASA scientists found fragments of fatty acids, the largest organic molecules so far discovered on Mars. However, fatty acids do not necessarily indicate life because they can be generated by chemical reactions related to geological processes.

The Martian surface is inhospitable for life, but as we have pointed out before, whether life exists elsewhere in the cosmos is not an issue for the biblical account of life on Earth. If there is life elsewhere, God created it. However, we will probably never know because the distances to other galaxies are so vast that we can never travel there to find out.

First Peter 3:15 tells us to be ready to “give an answer to anyone who asks about the hope that we have.” There is vast evidence for the existence of God, and it is essential to know why we believe what we believe so we can answer our children’s questions.

— John N. Clayton © 2025

Reference: Eric Lagatta in USA Today, April 1, 2025

Hadley Cells and God’s Design

Hadley Cells and God’s Design

One of planet Earth’s many unique design features is the atmosphere’s circulation pattern, allowing advanced life to exist on our planet. This pattern was first noticed in 1735 when George Hadley was working with the motions of wind recorded by scientists. Realizing that wind currents were not just accidental, he originated the idea of what we call Hadley cells. We know today that the circulation of the atmosphere is much more critical and complex than anyone understood in Hadley’s day.

A feature designed into Earth’s weather pattern is how the insolation moves daily. Insolation is the amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface of a planet. Of the other planets in our solar system, only Mars has a tilt, which spreads the insolation from one latitude to the next, but Mars does not have enough atmosphere for this to be a significant factor. The other planets don’t change their tilt, so the Sun’s radiation is constantly over one latitude. The temperatures at that latitude climb very high, and everywhere else is unbelievably cold.

On Earth, the Sun’s energy gradually changes daily, moving to 20 degrees north or south latitude and striking at the Earth’s equator only two times a year. The Sun is over the equator at the equinoxes on about March 20 and September 22, and the day and night length is the same. Around June 21, the Sun is as far north as it gets, and around December 22, it reaches its southernmost point.

In the Hadley cells, air rises in tropical zones, where it drops its moisture as it cools. At 30 degrees latitude, the cooler air sinks and has very little moisture. Virtually all of Earth’s major deserts are around 30 degrees latitude north and south. In the western United States, we find the Mohave Desert, but the eastern U.S. does not have a desert even though it is at 30 degrees. Hurricanes and the Atlantic Ocean bring a large amount of water to states located at 30 degrees latitude in the eastern U.S. So many things make advanced life possible on this planet that trying to attribute all of them to chance requires far more faith than believing that God designed and created the weather on Earth so you and I can exist.

— John N. Clayton © 2025

The Plague of Pornography

The Plague of Pornography

One of the challenges facing America today is the plague of pornography, which the internet has made easily accessible. Sadly, The Christian Chronicle reported on studies by Barna and Pure Desire Ministries showing that there is very little difference between the use of pornography by the general public and Christians.

Christians seem to think that adultery and fornication are the same thing, but that isn’t true. The Greek word for adultery is “moicheuo” and for fornication is “porneuo.” Some Bible passages use both words. For example, in 1 Corinthians 6:9, Paul warns those who will “not inherit the kingdom of God” and lists both adulterers and fornicators.

Adultery is a sexual act between two people who are married to someone else. Fornication is a sin stemming from the heart. In Matthew 15:9 Jesus said, “For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: these are the things which defile a man…”

Young people who are Christians need to understand that the use of pornography is a sin they must avoid, even though their peers are engaged in it. The use of pornography by youth leaders is one of the reasons why young people leave the Church. I have been criticized for speaking on this, but the plague of pornography is a major problem in the Church today.

— John N. Clayton © 2025

Reference: christianchronicle.org/episodes 109 and 110.

Unique Design of the Peregrine Falcon

Unique Design of the Peregrine Falcon

Peregrine falcons have a unique design. This bird can dive at speeds up to 240 miles per hour to catch prey. The speed is totally vertical, which means there is a rapid, violent change in air pressure. Those who enjoy hot air balloons must be careful to compensate for the change in air pressure.  Even though their assent is slow, the pressure change from ground level to even 1000 feet is significant. The peregrine falcon goes through a much greater air pressure change at a faster rate. Why don’t their lungs explode? The answer is the unique design of the peregrine falcon.

Peregrine Falcons have a bony structure in their nostrils called a tubercle. It acts as a baffle, deflecting strong shockwaves of air and allowing controlled breathing during their high-speed dives. Studies have shown that this design is unique to the peregrine falcon.

It is important to understand why raptors such as peregrine falcons exist. Some birds, such as pigeons, can reproduce in large numbers, exceeding their food supply. The creation always has a balance between the food supply and the population. When I was a teenager, laws protected the deer in Indiana’s Brown County State Park to the extent that they did not have an adequate food supply. The normal predators of deer had been killed off by humans, allowing the population to grow so large that the deer were destroying the vegetation but were still undernourished. When the authorities finally allowed hunting, the harvested deer were vastly underweight. A full-grown deer could weigh less than 60 pounds.

God designed peregrine falcons to control bird populations to avoid the same suffering caused by overpopulation. There is no evolutionary model that adequately explains the unique design of the peregrine falcon and its bony tubercle. Science strongly supports design in the natural world. “We can know there is a God through the things He has made” (Romans 1:20).

— John N. Clayton © 2025

References: Wikipedia and the Cleveland Museum of Natural History.

Christ Has Indeed Been Raised from the Dead

Christ Has Indeed Been Raised from the Dead

Only one thing can explain the birth and growth of the Christian faith, and it is the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The entire New Testament centers on the resurrection. As the Apostle Paul wrote in 1 Corinthians 15:14 and 20, “And if Christ has not been raised, our preaching is useless and so is your faith…But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the first fruits of those who have fallen asleep.”

Factors that verify the truth of the resurrection story include the testimony of direct eyewitnesses recorded soon after the events, which include embarrassing details. The direct sources were the eyewitnesses, especially Matthew, Mark, and John. They were recorded soon after the events while other eyewitnesses would have been alive to refute the information, but they didn’t. Paul was also an eyewitness, and he wrote within 20 years of the resurrection and recorded an early Christian creed that believers were reciting perhaps as early as a few months after the resurrection. (See 1 Corinthians 15:3-7.)

What about the embarrassing details? They are details that Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John included in their gospels that a writer making up the story would surely have left out because they reflect badly on the apostles. They include:

When Jesus was arrested, the disciples deserted in fear.

Matthew 26:31, 56; Mark 14:50-52

Peter denied three times that he knew Jesus.

Matthew 26:69-75; Mark 14:66-72; Luke 22:54-62

The disciples doubted the resurrection reports.

Mark 16:9-14; John 20:24-29

The disciples hid from the Jewish leaders.

John 20:19

Women were the first to testify of the resurrection at a time when the testimony of women was considered less reliable.

Matthew 28:1-10; Mark 16:1-11; Luke 24:1-12; John 20:1-10

Many other evidences support the truth of the resurrection story, but these embarrassing factors are worth considering. As Paul wrote, “Christ has indeed been raised from the dead.”

— Roland Earnst © 2025

Foster Care and Adoption

Foster Care and Adoption

As the father of three children to whom I am not biologically related, I can appreciate the challenges faced by 369,000 children (2022 data) who find themselves separated from their biological parents. Some have said that the most significant pain a woman has is not the physical pain of giving birth but the psychological pain of raising a child to adulthood. Because of that, 62% of children removed from their homes and placed in foster care are removed because of neglect. Raising a child is difficult, and an overwhelming number of men in our culture are simply too weak to participate in raising a child. That number grows yearly, meaning that single moms raise more and more children.

The other problem involved in the lives of foster kids is that the average length of time a child remains in foster care is two years. Only 7% of foster kids spend five years or more in foster care and only 9% transition from foster care to adulthood. An interesting fact about foster kids is that virtually none of them are raised in homes where atheism dominates the foster parents. If you believe that this life is all you have, why would you give up any of it to raise a child who isn’t yours? I recently raised that point with an atheist couple. They responded that they had a dog, which was all the love they needed. 

Jesus Christ had a lot to say about children. In Matthew 18:5, Christ says, “And whosoever gives welcome to one of these little ones receives me, but whosoever corrupts one of these little ones would be better off to have a millstone hung around his neck and be drowned in the sea.”

God has given every human being a way to serve and make their life count for good. Some men and women have the gift of giving children love and care. The biggest problem in foster care is that some people use it solely as a source of income, and the child simply moves from one source of neglect to another. One of my children was in foster care for six months, and the foster parents loved him so much that they asked to adopt him. The state officials did not feel it was in the child’s best interest to be in their care. However, when we came to pick up the baby for adoption, they asked if they could continue to have contact with the child.

It takes incredible strength for a woman who has given birth to a baby to turn that child over to someone else to raise. Many women cannot do it even if they know it is best for the child. As it turned out, this child had multiple congenital disabilities. We had a close relationship with the foster parents and built a house next door to them. Our adopted son lived for 50 years, and we were all blessed by the experience. That is what foster care should be. The details of this story are available in a booklet titled “Timothy, My Son and My Teacher.”

— John N. Clayton © 2025

Wealth and Religious Movements

Wealth and Religious Movements

Many times, rich people have an incomplete feeling when being rich is all they have accomplished in life. Rodney Stark, in his book The Triumph of Christianity, gives a picture of wealth and religious movements:

Buddhism – Buddha was a prince, and 55 of his converts were from nobility.

Zoroastrianism – Zoroaster converted a king, queen, and court of a nearby kingdom.

Taoism and Confucianism – Both began among Chinese elites.

Orphism and Pythagoreanism in ancient Greece – According to Plato, they were based on the upper classes.

Even Moses was an Egyptian prince, but he gave up his position. Compare that to Jesus Christ, who was born to very poor parents in a very simple and poor place. He never owned property or a house. As far as we know, He never traveled by a wheeled vehicle or animal until He came to Jerusalem on a donkey near the end of His ministry, not on a horse as the rich would have.

The twelve apostles and other followers of Jesus did not show the same poverty level as Christ. Fishermen could be considered wealthy in Jesus’ day. Peter (Simon) and Andrew were partners of James and John, who owned a boat and left it with their father Zebedee and his hired servants (Mark 1:20). Peter apparently owned two houses, one in Bethsaida and another in Capernaum. Mark’s mother owned a house in Jerusalem (Acts 12:12). Matthew was a wealthy tax collector, and so was Zacchaeus (Luke 19:1-10). Joseph of Arimathea was very rich (Matthew 27:57), and Joanna and Susanna were wealthy women who supported Jesus and His disciples (Luke 8:3).

What is the connection between wealth and religious movements? Why are wealthy people the founders of various religions except Christianity, where Jesus stands out as an exception?  Being rich doesn’t seem to bring the security and satisfaction people desire. In America, many of the wealthiest people have failed marriages and troubled children, with many overdosing or committing suicide. A strong argument for Christianity is the words of Jesus: “Therefore by their fruits you shall know them” (Matthew 7:20).

— John N. Clayton © 2025

Reference: Rodney Stark, in his book The Triumph of Christianity: How the Jesus Movement Became the World’s Largest Religion, page 100

“Not Religious” Young People

Not Religious

In 1990, 8% of people aged 18-29 said they were “not religious.” In 2020, 42% of the same age group claimed their religion as “none.” Dr Ken Woodward retired after 38 years as a religion editor for Newsweek. He has reviewed a new book by Dr. Christian Smith titled Why Religion Went Obsolete. Woodward points out that other identities have superseded the claim that I am Catholic or Jewish or any other religious identification, including “Christian.” It is my experience that even those who attend a church service will not identify to their peers that they are Christians. Now, our population uses new identity titles such as “I’m female,” “I’m Democrat,” “I’m MAGA,” or “I’m LGBTQ.”  

One of the great tragedies of “not religious” young people is the enormous collateral damage in terms of morality. In 1955, when you said something, no one would believe you were lying. Today, lying is common at all levels. For the “not religious,” sex has become a drug of choice, especially among those who don’t use chemical substances. The notion that a man and woman would not have sexual relations until they were married is considered archaic. For many, marriage is a financial arrangement open to being dissolved at any time by either party.

Proverbs 14:34 says, “Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a disgrace to any people.” The history of ancient Israel given in the Old Testament shows us loud and clear that when people forget God and His teaching, the nation collapses. There is enormous documentation of what brought about the collapse of the Roman empire, and the question for America today is whether we will profit from or repeat the lessons of ancient history.

One bright spot is that books like Christian Smith’s new book, which is subtitled The Demise of Traditional Faith in America, are getting some attention from modern readers. Christian Smith is a scholar, a sociology professor, and the principal investigator for the Global Religion Research Initiative at Notre Dame University.

We would add our small voice to the outcry of real scholars in America, begging our countrymen to wake up before our “not religious” children and grandchildren lose the freedom that made America great.

— John N. Clayton © 2025

Reference: “Out of Practice” in Notre Dame Magazine for Spring 2025, pages 19-25.

Holy Week and Tax Time

Holy Week and Tax Time

Many Christians observe this week, April 13-20, 2025, as Holy Week. For Americans, it is also tax time.  As we think about the teaching and sacrifice of Jesus, Christian values and paying taxes become an issue. Some suggest that since the government uses our tax money to support immoral activities, they should not pay taxes. It is true that much of our tax money goes to things that oppose the teachings of Jesus Christ. Others seem to believe they can obtain salvation by observing Holy Week. This human tradition is not commanded in the Bible, but paying taxes is, so it is interesting that Holy Week and tax time fall in the same week this year.

The Bible makes it clear that Christians are to pay taxes. Jesus said, “Render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and to God the things that are God’s” (Matthew 22:21). Romans 13 presents civil government as having a good function. In Romans 13:6-7, we read, “It is right for you to pay taxes for civil authorities are God’s official servants faithfully devoting themselves to this very end. Pay them all that is due them. Pay your taxes and import duties gladly – respect where respect is due, and honor where honor is due.”

Realize that these statements were made during the reign of one of the most violent and immoral governments the world has ever known. The Roman government was morally corrupt, sanctioning prostitution and throwing unwanted babies into the street to die. In spite of that, Christians were instructed to pay taxes. We might compare ancient Rome to America today, but that doesn’t change the fact that law and order are because of the civil government.

On the other hand, there is no biblical command to observe Holy Week. Events like “Ash Wednesday” are not commanded in the Bible nor practiced by the apostles and the early Church. The Bible makes it clear that we are not saved by any works or observance of special days. We are saved by the sacrifice of Jesus Christ and His death-conquering resurrection. We should remember that every day, especially every first day of the week, not just once a year.

Remember during this Holy Week and tax time that we are not saved by keeping special days, paying taxes, or doing anything else. We are saved only by the blood of Jesus Christ, but Jesus made it very clear in Matthew 25:31-46 that His followers would show they are saved by what they do for others. Serving the needs of others is the best way to serve the Lord and win the lost. Christians must remember that our true allegiance is to God and God’s kingdom, and no matter what happens in this life, we have something better ahead.

— John N. Clayton © 2025